NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 10 India After Independence

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 10 India After Independence Social Science

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Chapter 10 India After Independence NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History

Let’s recall

1. Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.

Solution

Three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced:

• The problem of the rehabilitation of 8 million  refugees who had come into the country from  newly born Pakistan.

• The maharajas and nawabs of the almost 500 princely states had to be persuaded to join the new nation.

• A political system had to be adopted which would best serve the hopes and expectations of the Indian population.

2. What was the role of the Planning Commission?

Solution

The Planning Commission was set up to help design and execute suitable policies for the economic development of India.

3. Fill in the blanks: 

(a) Subjects that were placed on the Union List were ________, ________ and ___________. 

(b) Subjects on the Concurrent List were __________ and _________. 

(c) Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a ________ _________ model. 

(d) The death of ___________ sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.

Solution

(a) taxes, defence and foreign affairs.

(b) forest and agriculture.

(c) mixed-economy model.

(d) Potti Sriramulu

4. State whether true or false: 

(a) At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.

(b) The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.

(c) In the first national election, only men were allowed to vote. 

(d) The Second Five Year Plan focussed on the development of heavy industry.

Solution

(a) True

(b) False

(c) False

(d) True

Let's Discuss 

5. What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said that "In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality"?

Solution

When Ambedkar argued that voting rights would be provided to the lower caste society it meant that other inequalities such as between rich and poor and between upper castes and lower castes wouldn't be eradicated. It was only possible politically because of our social and economic structure.

6. After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?

Solution

India got its independence at the cost of divisions between the Hindus and Muslims. These divisions had been done on the basis of religion. As a result of these divisions, riots broke out which killed more than a million people in India.  In such circumstances, it was not wise to continue dividing India on the basis of language. Therefore, both Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Patel were against the creation of linguistic states.

7. Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.

Solution

People in the south who could not speak Hindi protested Hindi as the National Language. They threatened to leave India if Hindi was imposed on them. The Constituent Assembly finally decided that Hindi would be the "official language" of India and English would be used for communications between one state and another.

8. How was the economic development of India visualised in the early decades after Independence? 

Solution

The economic development of India visualised in the early decades after Independence were:

• Objectives: Lifting India and Indians out of poverty, and building a modern technical and industrial base were among the major objectives of the new nation.

• Planning Commission and Five Year Plans: A Planning Commission was set up to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development.

• Mixed-economy: A mixed-economy model was agreed upon. In this economic model, both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs.

• Focus on heavy industries and dams: In 1956, the Second Five Year Plan was formulated. This focussed strongly on the development of heavy industries such as steel, and on the building of large dams.

• The focus on heavy industry, and the effort at state regulation of the economy (which was to guide the economic policy for the next few decades) had many critics.

This approach was criticised because: 

• It put inadequate emphasis on agriculture

• It neglected primary education

• It did not take into account the environmental implications of concentrating on science and machinery.